Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

短期负载预测（STLF）在电力交易市场的运营中起着重要作用。考虑到对数据隐私的日益关注，在最近的研究中，越来越多地采用了联合学习（FL）来培训公用事业公司（UCS）的STLF模型。令人鼓舞的是，在批发市场中，由于发电厂（PPS）直接访问UCS数据并不现实，因此FL绝对是可行的解决方案，可以为PPS获得准确的STLF模型。但是，由于FL的分布性质和UC之间的激烈竞争，缺陷越来越多，导致STLF模型的性能差，表明仅采用FL是不够的。在本文中，我们提出了一种DRL辅助方法，缺陷感知的联合软性参与者 - 批评者（DearFSAC），以稳健地训练PPS的准确的STLF模型，以预测精确的短期公用事业需求。首先。我们仅使用历史负载数据和时间数据设计了基于长期短期内存（LSTM）的STLF模型。此外，考虑到缺陷发生的不确定性，采用了深入的增强学习（DRL）算法来通过减轻缺陷引起的模型退化来协助FL。此外，为了更快的FL训练融合，自动编码器设计用于缩小尺寸和上载模型的质量评估。在模拟中，我们在2019年验证了赫尔辛基UCS的真实数据的方法。结果表明，无论是否发生缺陷，DearFSAC都比所有其他方法都胜过所有其他方法。

Code generation models have achieved impressive performance. However, they tend to be brittle as slight edits to a prompt could lead to very different generations; these robustness properties, critical for user experience when deployed in real-life applications, are not well understood. Most existing works on robustness in text or code tasks have focused on classification, while robustness in generation tasks is an uncharted area and to date there is no comprehensive benchmark for robustness in code generation. In this paper, we propose ReCode, a comprehensive robustness evaluation benchmark for code generation models. We customize over 30 transformations specifically for code on docstrings, function and variable names, code syntax, and code format. They are carefully designed to be natural in real-life coding practice, preserve the original semantic meaning, and thus provide multifaceted assessments of a model's robustness performance. With human annotators, we verified that over 90% of the perturbed prompts do not alter the semantic meaning of the original prompt. In addition, we define robustness metrics for code generation models considering the worst-case behavior under each type of perturbation, taking advantage of the fact that executing the generated code can serve as objective evaluation. We demonstrate ReCode on SOTA models using HumanEval, MBPP, as well as function completion tasks derived from them. Interesting observations include: better robustness for CodeGen over InCoder and GPT-J; models are most sensitive to syntax perturbations; more challenging robustness evaluation on MBPP over HumanEval.

Incorporating contrastive learning objectives in sentence representation learning (SRL) has yielded significant improvements on many sentence-level NLP tasks. However, It is not well understood why contrastive learning works for learning sentence-level semantics. In this paper, we take a closer look at contrastive sentence representation learning through the lens of isotropy and learning dynamics. We interpret its success stories through the geometry of the representation shifts. We show that contrastive learning brings isotropy, and surprisingly learns to converge tokens to similar positions in the semantic space if given the signal that they are in the same sentence. Also, what we formalize as "spurious contextualization" is mitigated for semantically meaningful tokens, while augmented for functional ones. The embedding space is pushed toward the origin during training, with more areas now better defined. We ablate these findings by observing the learning dynamic with different training temperatures, batch sizes and pooling methods. With these findings, we aim to shed light on future designs of sentence representation learning methods.

Human organs constantly undergo anatomical changes due to a complex mix of short-term (e.g., heartbeat) and long-term (e.g., aging) factors. Evidently, prior knowledge of these factors will be beneficial when modeling their future state, i.e., via image generation. However, most of the medical image generation tasks only rely on the input from a single image, thus ignoring the sequential dependency even when longitudinal data is available. Sequence-aware deep generative models, where model input is a sequence of ordered and timestamped images, are still underexplored in the medical imaging domain that is featured by several unique challenges: 1) Sequences with various lengths; 2) Missing data or frame, and 3) High dimensionality. To this end, we propose a sequence-aware diffusion model (SADM) for the generation of longitudinal medical images. Recently, diffusion models have shown promising results on high-fidelity image generation. Our method extends this new technique by introducing a sequence-aware transformer as the conditional module in a diffusion model. The novel design enables learning longitudinal dependency even with missing data during training and allows autoregressive generation of a sequence of images during inference. Our extensive experiments on 3D longitudinal medical images demonstrate the effectiveness of SADM compared with baselines and alternative methods.

光学计算是一种新兴技术，用于下一代高效人工智能（AI），其速度和效率超高。电磁场模拟对于光子设备和电路的设计，优化和验证至关重要。但是，昂贵的数值模拟显着阻碍了光子电路设计循环中的可扩展性和转环。最近，已经提出了物理信息的神经网络来预测具有预定义参数的部分微分方程（PDE）的单个实例的光场解。它们复杂的PDE公式和缺乏有效的参数化机制限制了其在实际模拟方案中的灵活性和概括。在这项工作中，首次提出了一个被称为Neurolight的物理敏捷神经操作员框架，以学习一个频率域的麦克斯韦PDE家族，以进行超快速的参数光子设备模拟。我们通过几种新技术来平衡神经照明的效率和概括。具体而言，我们将不同的设备离散到统一域中，代表具有紧凑型波的参数PDE，并通过掩盖的源建模编码入射光。我们使用参数效率高的跨形神经块设计模型，并采用基于叠加的增强来进行数据效率学习。通过这些协同方法，神经亮像可以概括为大量的看不见的模拟设置，比数值求解器显示了2个磁性的模拟速度，并且比先前的神经网络模型优于降低54％的预测误差，而降低了约44％的参数。 。我们的代码可在https://github.com/jeremiemelo/neurolight上找到。

根据互补学习系统（CLS）理论〜\ cite {mcclelland1995there}在神经科学中，人类通过两个补充系统有效\ emph {持续学习}：一种快速学习系统，以海马为中心，用于海马，以快速学习细节，个人体验，个人体验，个人体验，个人体验，个人体验，个人体验，个人体验，个人体验的快速学习， ;以及位于新皮层中的缓慢学习系统，以逐步获取有关环境的结构化知识。在该理论的激励下，我们提出\ emph {dualnets}（对于双网络），这是一个一般的持续学习框架，该框架包括一个快速学习系统，用于监督从特定任务和慢速学习系统中的模式分离代表学习，用于表示任务的慢学习系统 - 不可知论的一般代表通过自我监督学习（SSL）。双网符可以无缝地将两种表示类型纳入整体框架中，以促进在深层神经网络中更好地持续学习。通过广泛的实验，我们在各种持续的学习协议上展示了双网络的有希望的结果，从标准离线，任务感知设置到具有挑战性的在线，无任务的场景。值得注意的是，在Ctrl〜 \ Cite {veniat2020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202021- coite {ostapenko2021-continual}的基准中。此外，我们进行了全面的消融研究，以验证双nets功效，鲁棒性和可伸缩性。代码可在\ url {https://github.com/phquang/dualnet}上公开获得。

鸟类等动物通过将腿部和空中迁移率与显性惯性作用相结合，广泛使用多模式运动。这种多模式运动壮举的机器人仿生型可以在协商其任务空间的能力方面产生超虚拟系统。本文的主要目的是讨论实现多模式运动的挑战，并报告我们在开发能够多模式运动（腿部和空中运动）的四足动物机器人方面的进展。我们报告了机器人中使用的机械和电气组件，除了为开发多功能多模式机器人平台实现目标的模拟和实验外。

在逻辑合成阶段，需要将合成工具中的结构转换组合为优化序列，并在电路上作用以满足指定的电路区域和延迟。但是，逻辑合成优化序列是耗时的运行时间，并预测结果（QOR）与电路的合成优化序列的质量（QOR）可以帮助工程师更快地找到更好的优化序列。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种深度学习方法，以预测看不见的电路优化序列对的QOR。具体而言，结构转换通过嵌入方法和高级自然语言处理（NLP）技术（变压器）转换为向量，以提取优化序列的特征。此外，为了使模型的预测过程从电路到电路进行推广，电路的图表示为邻接矩阵和特征矩阵。图神经网络（GNN）用于提取电路的结构特征。对于此问题，使用了变压器和三个典型的GNN。此外，变压器和GNN被用作未见电路优化序列的QOR预测的联合学习政策。由变压器和GNN组合产生的方法基准测试。实验结果表明，变压器和图形的联合学习可获得最佳结果。预测结果的平均绝对误差（MAE）为0.412。

减少甲烷排放对于缓解全球变暖至关重要。为了将甲烷排放归因于其来源，有必要综合的甲烷源基础设施数据集。深入学习远程感知的图像的最新进展有可能识别甲烷源的位置和特征，但是缺乏公开可用的数据，可以使机器学习研究人员和从业人员能够构建自动映射方法。为了帮助填补这一空白，我们在美国构建了一个称为Meter-ML的多传感器数据集，该数据集包含86,625个地理参考的NAIP，Sentinel-1和Sentinel-2图像，并在美国标记为有甲烷源设施，包括甲烷源设施，包括集中动物喂养操作，，，，，，，包括浓缩动物喂养操作，煤矿，垃圾填埋场，天然气加工厂，炼油厂和石油末端以及废水处理厂。我们尝试各种模型，以利用不同的空间分辨率，空间足迹，图像产品和光谱带。我们发现，我们的最佳模型在确定浓缩动物喂养操作的精确召回曲线下达到了一个面积，在专家标签的测试集上，用于识别浓缩动物饲养操作，用于油炼油厂和石油末端0.821，这表明有可能进行大规模映射。我们在https://stanfordmlgroup.github.io/projects/meter-ml/上免费提供仪表-ML，以支持自动化甲烷源映射的未来工作。